Want more information?
Visit the Reference Examples webpage from APA.
The reference list is a list of all the sources cited in your paper. It appears at the end of your work and provides detailed information about each source so that readers can locate the original material.
A reference entry typically includes the author(s), publication date, title, source, and, if applicable, the DOI or URL. The format for each reference entry may vary depending on the type of source (e.g., journal article, book, website, etc.). These are the elements of a reference list entry for a journal article:
Here is an example of a reference list entry for a journal article:
Note: There are no authors or editors listed for the Mergent Online database. If a source has no author, begin with the title, and follow it with the date in parentheses.
Nike, Inc. [Company profile]. (n.d.). Mergent Online. Retrieved June 3, 2020, from https://mergentonline.com/
Nike, Inc. [Competitors]. (n.d.). Mergent Online. Retrieved June 3, 2020, from https://mergentonline.com/
Note: Most reports have a unique identifier number, so use it in parentheses after the title. In this case, also include a more specific description in the brackets than just [Industry report] as is often used elsewhere, because IBIS has risk and other reports as well as global, state, and other levels of industry reports, and sometimes the titles and numbers are the same.
Ristoff, J. (2023, June). Fast food restaurants in the U.S. (US 72221A) [U.S. specialized industry report]. IBISWorld. Retrieved June 23, 2023, from https://www.ibisworld.com/
Freedonia Focus Report. (2024, June). Commercial refrigeration equipment: United States. MarketResearch.com Academic. https://www.marketresearch.com/
Packaged Facts. (2024, June). Beverage market outlook 2024: opportunities & challenges with pricing, better-for-you options, & more. MarketResearch.com Academic. https://www.marketresearch.com/
Note: Look at the bottom of the company’s stock page for the dates of the PDF reports -- usually approximately quarterly. Those are the archived reports and should be the preferred date.
Delta Air Lines. (2024, May 22). Value Line Investment Survey. Retrieved May 27, 2024, from https://valueline.com/
Note: Look at the bottom of the vertical menu on the left side each report for a button that says "Cite this Document" for the APA 7th edition citation.
World Trade Press. (2024, July). Russia: Country snapshot. Global Road Warrior. Retrieved July 23, 2024, from https://www-globalroadwarrior-com.csulb.idm.oclc.org/russia/country-overview.html
Note: Look at the bottom of the vertical menu on the left side each report for a button that says "Cite this Document" for the APA 7th edition citation.
Nigeria: Country review. (2024). Country Watch. Retrieved July 8, 2024, from https://countrywatch.com/
Fitch Solutions Group Limited. (n.d.). Mexico agribusiness report Q1 2020 [Industry profile]. FitchConnect. https://www.fitchsolutions.com/fitch-connect